What term describes a person or thing that receives something?

The term that best describes a person or thing that receives something is "recipient." In various contexts, a recipient is the individual or entity that is designated to receive a particular benefit, gift, or allocation. For example, in legal scenarios, a recipient might receive funds, property, or other assets as part of a trust or will.

While "beneficiary" could also refer to someone who receives benefits or advantages, it often carries a connotation related specifically to entitlements from trusts or insurance policies. The term "nominee" typically refers to someone who is appointed or designated to act on behalf of another, and "allottee" usually pertains to someone who is allocated a specific portion of resources or assets in contexts such as land or housing. Thus, "recipient" is the most direct and general term for someone who simply receives something, encompassing all forms of receipt.