Which of the following words signifies a permanent record through writing or carving?

The term "inscribe" originates from the Latin word "inscribere," which means to write in or upon. It signifies the act of writing, marking, or carving words or symbols onto a surface in a way that creates a lasting impression. This action implies permanence; once something is inscribed, it is intended to endure, serving as a historical or meaningful record.

The other options do not convey the same notion of creating a lasting record. "Ail" refers to suffering or discomfort, which does not relate to permanence or writing. "Vilify" means to speak or write about someone in a derogatory manner, focusing on disparagement rather than permanence. "Migrate" refers to moving from one place to another, which is not connected to the idea of recording information. Therefore, inscribing is the most appropriate word that communicates the concept of creating a permanent record through writing or carving.