Which word refers to an excessive amount of something?

The term that refers to an excessive amount of something is "surfeit." This word implies not just having more than needed but also suggests that the excess may lead to negative consequences, such as overindulgence or wastage. In various contexts, a surfeit might refer to an overabundance of food, resources, or even emotions, emphasizing that too much can be detrimental.

In contrast, terms like "deficit" refer to a shortage or a lack of something, while "scarcity" highlights the limited availability of resources. "Surplus," although indicating more than what is needed, generally has a neutral connotation, suggesting that the extra amount is excess without the implication of potential negative outcomes associated with a surfeit. Therefore, surfeit is the most appropriate choice when discussing an excessive amount with a focus on its potential drawbacks.